超临界压力航空煤油不稳定流动实验

对竖直上升圆管内超临界压力航空煤油的不稳定流动开展了实验研究。考察了管内壁温度、质量流量、出口温度、进出口压差等参数随时间的振荡情况,阐述了不稳定流动的诱发原因和反馈机制,建立了不稳定流动临界热负荷的预测关系式。结果表明:不稳定流动工况中发现了管内壁温度和进出口压差的异常波动。边界层发展过程中传热恶化形成类气膜是不稳定流动的诱因,存在两种类型的反馈机制:一方面,类膜态沸腾和类核态沸腾交替引发恶化换热和强化换热,导致热力不稳定;另一方面,压力扰动出现声波,压缩波使类气膜厚度减小且传热改善,膨胀波使类气膜厚度增大且传热变差,导致声波不稳定。两种反馈机制的综合作用形成热声振荡现象。      

Large-eddy simulation and linear acoustic modeling of entropy mode oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection

Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermo-acoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the combustor. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional (1D) Acoustic Network Method (ANM). Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results.     

基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统

针对行人导航定位问题,研究了基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统实现的关键技术。首先基于人体运动学原理构建了零速检测模型,使用最优综合判断条件有效检测出对应的零速时刻,实时进行速度和姿态的更新修正。在检测到零速时刻时,将速度误差、位置误差作为观测量,经Kalman滤波估计惯导系统误差并进行反馈校正,抑制惯导系统的误差,提高导航定位精度。研制了集信息采集、数据传输、导航解算与监控显示于一体的可穿戴式行人导航系统,可对行人的运动状态进行实时监控。所设计的基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统,平均定位误差小于行走距离的1.1%,最大不超过1.7%,验证了本系统的可靠性和适用性。     

基于能耗最优的多足机器人综合步态优化方法

为综合研究步态参数、摆动腿足端轨迹和机身运动轨迹对多足机器人步态稳定性和能耗的影响,文章提出一种基于能耗最优的多足机器人综合步态优化方法,将步态优化过程转换为两个嵌套的子优化问题。首先,采用一种基于零力矩点稳定性理论的机身运动轨迹规划方法,针对给定的下一步落足点和支撑多边形,规划机身运动轨迹,在保证机身轨迹连续平滑的同时,确保机器人在迈步过程中的稳定性。其次,提出一种基于能耗指标的周期性步态优化方法,建立足式机器人虚拟样机模型作为步态优化模型,对步态参数、摆动腿足端轨迹和机身运动轨迹同时进行优化,保证机器人的步态稳定性,得到使机器人前进单位距离能耗最小的步态。最后,搭建足式机器人虚拟样机仿真平台,仿真结果表明,采用本文的步态优化方法,在保证机器人平稳前进的同时,机器人前进单位距离能耗与优化前相比降低了约14%。     

基于HHT的航空发动机气动失稳信号

针对航空发动机工作范围内存在的气动失稳现象,运用希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)分析其信号的时变特征;通过对其处理非线性、非平稳信号分析新方法与其他时频分析方法的对比,并对HHT存在的问题进行针对性解决,使其适应航空发动机气动失稳数据分析的要求.并在Labview平台上通过数字仿真试验实现和验证了HHT方法;结果表明:此算法准确有效;通过航空发动机工程试验数据的处理过程,验证了HHT在处理此类相关问题时的可行性、适用性,同时指出其仍然存在的缺陷.     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

横流不稳定性实验中转捩阶段的进一步观察

对后掠平板用可控的人工激励激发基频与二次不稳定性,研究层流后掠机翼流动导致最后转捩的过程.实验中发现有两个高频二次不稳定模态出现.其中一个为最大放大率的模态,位于垂直于壁面的速度型的拐点处,属于拐点不稳定性.另一个模态位于附面层的三分之一处.高频二次不稳定模态的增长比基频及其谐波要大的多,但与后者类似具有饱和阶段的出现.高频二次不稳定模态对最后转捩的影响主要体现在与其他扰动的相互作用,并导致出现紊流状态宽带频谱.     

Mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser

To expand the stable operating range of compressors, understanding the mechanism of flow instability at low flow rates is necessary. In this paper, the mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser is experimentally investigated, where the diffuser blade setting angle can be adjusted. Many dynamic pressure transducers are mounted on the casing surface of the compressor. From the design condition to surge, dynamic pressure data is recorded throughout the gradual process. According to the signal developing status, the typical modes of compressor instability are defined in detail, such as stall, mild surge, and deep surge. A relatively high-frequency stall wave originates in the impeller and propagates to the diffuser, and finally stimulates a deep surge in the compressor. The compressor behavior during surge differs at different diffuser vane angles. When the diffuser vane angle is adjusted, both the unstable form and the core factor affecting the overall machine stability change. A specific indicator is proposed to measure the instability of each component in a compressor, which can be used to determine the best region for stability extension technologies, such as a holed casing treatment, in different compressor applications.     

提高低温压力测量准确度的方法初探

介绍了液氧煤油发动机试验中低温压力参数测量原理、校准方法及存在的问题,重点对低温压力传感器在低温条件下零位漂移问题进行了探讨和研究,提出了基本解决途径和数据修正方法,为提高低温压力的测量准确性奠定了基础。     

一类非线性微分方程组奇点稳定的条件

本文讨论了一类非线性电路微分方程组奇点稳定的条件,用线性近似的方法,讨论了方程组(1)中参数P*对奇点稳定性的影响,得到了奇点(P*/Ф,Ф)在P*相似文献